Due to the complexity and particulate nature of the material composition of the debris flow, coupled numerical analysis can better reproduce the complex dynamic interactions of the fluid-particle-erosion-structure. Numerical simulation methods for researching the dynamic response of debris flows and retaining structures include the continuous medium calculation, the discrete medium calculation, and the mixed medium calculation. This research showed that the amount of soil erosion is positively correlated with the slope of the channel and the solid-liquid ratio and also that the fluidity and the impact force of debris flow may increase due to mass exchange. adopted the finite volume method to simulate the landslide dynamic model considering erosion and excess pore water pressure, while Li and Zhao adopted the CFD-DEM numerical analysis method to study the erosion and mass exchange of debris flow. conducted field observations and physical simulation experiments to reproduce the process of detrital flow on soil erosion and systematically study the factors which influenced erosion. The influence of erosion on the volume of the debris flow, impact of the debris flow, and its structure have been verified by numerical simulation and physical simulation experiments done by Haas and Woerkom, Liu et al. The final debris flow volume after erosion can be as much as 50 times that of the debris flow start volume. conducted a field investigation and found that the erosion of the flow channel during a debris flow will drastically increase the volume of debris flow. However, existing research only considers the dynamic response of solid-liquid debris flow mixtures on the debris flow, while the effects of erosion and sedimentation on the retaining structures are rarely studied. During a debris flow, the erosion of the material source in the channel will cause a rapid increase in the volume of the debris flow, generating greater energy and having a larger impact. This erosion is due to the high-speed motion and collision between particles and between particles and fluids, which produce shear failure within the soil in the channel. Erosion, which is produced by fluidization, is one of the factors that can influence debris flows. The scale of the eventual debris flow is several times larger than the start-up scale, and the larger scale of debris flows can cause devastating damage to structures.
Erosion and deposition of the debris flow mixture composed of particles and fluids will produce great kinetic energy that will impact the flow path. Coupled numerical analysis can assess the potential effect of erosion and sedimentation, making a significant contribution to the assessment of the impact of debris flow and the design of retaining structures.ĭebris flow disasters occur all over the world.
The study also found that the dynamic response considering the debris flow impact and the retaining structures of erosion and sedimentation is more pronounced than when not considering erosion and sedimentation. The results of this study are similar to existing literature and data, with the numerical analysis being consistent with the physical simulation tests in the existing literature, verifying the applicability of the SPH-DEM-FEM coupling analysis for assessing the debris flow impact retaining structures of erosion and sedimentation. The impact process of the debris flow, the impact height behind the retaining dam, the deposition thickness, and the debris flow dynamic response significantly influence both with and without considering the effects of erosion. The coupled numerical analysis completely reproduces the debris flow erosion test, fitting the debris flow shape and thickness profile well. The strain-softening model was adopted to simulate the transformation of the debris flow body from the solid state to the transition state and finally into the liquid state. This paper adopted the coupled SPH-DEM-FEM to establish a complex dynamic model of the particle-fluid-erosion-structure of the debris flow and to assess the impact of erosion and sedimentation and analyse the dynamic response of the retaining structure of the debris flow. The erosion of debris flows on the material source will affect the movement and impact of the debris flow.
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